Background: Colchicine has unique anti-inflammatory properties that may be beneficial in various\ncardiovascular conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)\nexamines this issue.\nMethods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database from inception to June 2014 for RCTs\nusing colchicine in adult patients with cardiac diseases. Results were pooled using random effects.\nResults: 15 RCTs (n = 3431 patients, median treatment 3 and follow-up 15 months) were included. All but 2\nused colchicine 1 mg/day. In 5 trials, n = 1301) at risk for cardiovascular disease (coronary artery disease,\nacute coronary syndrome or stroke, post-angioplasty [2 RCTs], or congestive heart failure), colchicine\nreduced composite cardiovascular outcomes by ~60 % (risk ratio [RR] 0.44, 95 % confidence interval [CI]\n0.28-0.69, p = 0.0004; I2 = 0 %) and showed a trend towards lower all-cause mortality (RR 0.50, 95 % CI\n0.23-1.08, p = 0.08; I2 = 0 %). In pericarditis or post-cardiotomy, colchicine decreased recurrent pericarditis\nor post-pericardiotomy syndrome (RR 0.50, 95 % CI 0.41-0.60, p < 0.0001; I2 = 0 %; 8 RCTs, n = 1635), and\npost-pericardiotomy or ablation induced atrial fibrillation (RR 0.65, 95 % CI 0.51-0.82, p = 0.0003; I2 = 31 %;\n4 RCTs, n = 1118). The most common adverse event was diarrhea. Treatment discontinuation overall and\ndue to adverse events (RR 4.34, 95 % CI 1.70-11.07, p = 0.002; I2 = 29 %; 7 RCTs, 83/790 [10.5 %] vs. 11/697\n[1.6 %]) was higher in colchicine-assigned patients.\nConclusions: Current RCT data suggests that colchicine may reduce the composite rate of cardiovascular\nadverse outcomes in a range of patients with established cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, colchicine\nreduces rates of recurrent pericarditis, post-pericardiotomy syndrome, and peri-procedural atrial fibrillation\nfollowing cardiac surgery. Further RCTs evaluating the potential of colchicine for secondary prevention of\ncardiovascular events would be of interest.
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